Insularization of Tanzanian Parks and the Local Extinction of Large Mammals

نویسنده

  • D. NEWMARK
چکیده

Island biogeography theory predicts that species will be lost on habitat "islands" created by the fragmentation o f continental regions. Many Tanzanian parks are rapidly becoming habitat islands as a result o f human settlement, agricultural development, and the active elimination o f wildlife on adjacent lands. The rate o f extinction o f mammals in six Tanzanian parks over the last 35-83 years is significantly and inversely related to park area, suggesting that increasing insularization o f the parks has been an important contributory factor in large m a m m a l extinctions. I compared observed patterns o f persistence o f mammals in Tanzanlan parks to predictions derived f r o m earlier extinction models. The predictions o f the $1 models o f Soul6 et aL (1979) and Burkey (1994) and the S 2 and S 3 models o f Soul~ et aL (1979) match very closely the observed pattern o f persistence o f mammals in Tanzanian parks. The loss o f m a m m a l species will probably continue, particularly in the smaller parks. Establishment o f wildlife corridors linking the parks in northern Tanzania could help to reduce the potential loss o f species in the future. Aislamiento de Parques de Tanzania y ha Extinci6n local de mamiferos grandes Resumen: La teoria de la biogeografia de islas predice que se perderdn especies en "islas" creadas por la fragmentaci6n de regiones continentales. Varios parques de Tanzania se est~n convirtiendo rdlpidamente en h~bitats "islas" como resultado de asentamientos humanos, desarrollo agricultural y ai activa eliminaci6n de vida silvestre en tierras adyacentes. La tasa de extinci6n de mamiferos de en seis parques de Tanzania durante los tiltimos 35-83 a~os es signiflcativa e inversamente se relaciona con el dsrea del parque, sugiriendo que el creciente aislamiento de los parques ha sido un factor que contribuye a la extinci6n de mamiferos grandes. Patrones observados de persistencia de mamiferos en parques de Tanzania son comparados con predicciones derivadas de modelos de extinci6n elaborados tiempo atrd~s. Las predicciones de los modelos S 1 de Sould et aL (19 79) se aproximan a los patrones observados de persistencia de mamiferos en los parques de Tanzania. La Pdrdlda de especies de mamiferos probablemente continuar~, particularmente en los parques peque~os. El establecimiento de corredores que interconecten los parques del Norte de Tanzania podrfan ayudar a reducir la 1Mrdida potencial de especies en el futuro.

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تاریخ انتشار 2008